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Health Tip: Protect Your Eyes From Corneal Abrasions

March 4th, 2010 by admin

The cornea is the tissue at the front of eye that helps focus light. A corneal abrasion occurs when that tissue is cut or scratched.

The American Academy of Family Physicians offers these suggestions to help prevent a corneal abrasion:
Always use safety eye wear any time you’re working with machines that expel wood, sawdust, metal, etc.
Cut your fingernails to avoid scratching your eye. Keep babies’ and children’s nails trimmed, as well.
Keep all tree and shrub branches, especially those at eye level, trimmed.
Be careful when putting contact lenses in your eyes. Make sure the lenses are cleaned properly each day, and never sleep with them.

Aspirin without Plavix as good after heart bypass

February 24th, 2010 by admin

Aspirin alone proved as effective as aspirin plus the blood clot preventer Plavix in keeping coronary artery bypass grafts open during the first year after surgery, according to a study released on Monday.

The study was designed to see if the addition of Plavix — already a $9 billion a year seller for Bristol-Myers Squibb Co and Sanofi Aventis — to standard aspirin therapy would help further reduce vein narrowing or blockages after coronary artery bypass surgery.

“We found no significant difference in the amount of vein graft thickening, or the number of blocked bypasses, cardiovascular events or bleeding events in the 113 surgery patients treated with either aspirin and clopidogrel (Plavix) or aspirin alone,” said Dr Alexander Kulik, a cardiovascular surgeon who led the study.

The data were presented at the American Heart Association scientific meeting in Orlando.

The success rate after one year was 93.2 percent for aspirin alone and 94.3 percent for patients on aspirin plus Plavix, a difference not considered to be statistically significant.

More than 90 percent of patients in the trial were also taking cholesterol lowering statins — standard therapy for heart patients.

While the duel clot-preventing therapy of aspirin and Plavix is standard during and after artery-clearing angioplasty procedures, some surgeons have begun using the combination after bypass surgery in the belief that it might improve outcomes, Kulik explained.

This study failed to validate that theory, Kulik said.

“The good news is that patients and their doctors can expect more than 90 percent of vein grafts to remain open one year after surgery with the use of aspirin and statins,” he said.

Certain Reflux Drugs Tied to Higher Post-Angioplasty Death Rate

February 17th, 2010 by admin

People taking the acid reflux drugs Prilosec or Protonix in combination with blood thinners such as Plavix have a higher risk for death after angioplasty than people who don’t take the two popular antacids, a new study has found.

The people in the study, which is to be presented Monday at the American Heart Association’s annual meeting in Orlando, Fla., were undergoing what doctors call “percutaneous coronary intervention,” or PCI, a common procedure used to widen a narrowed artery. PCI typically involves balloon angioplasty followed by the insertion of a drug-emitting stent, a tiny mesh tube, to keep the vessel open.

Study author Dr. Joseph Sweeny, an assistant professor of medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City, said that the clinical implications for users of these reflux drugs — called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)– remain unclear.

“It’s a moving target,” Sweeny said, adding that, “although certain confounders are going to be at play that do cause limitations of the study, in my opinion the data speaks for itself. We found an overall increased mortality in this patient population that takes a PPI with clopidogrel [Plavix]. The problem was I was not able to look at specific cause of mortality.”

One expert agreed that the study, while interesting, does not prove cause-and-effect.

“All this shows is that people taking PPIs have a worse outcome than those not taking PPIs,” said Dr. Chet Rihal, director of the Mayo Clinic’s catheterization lab in Rochester, Minn. “This does not prove there’s causation. That would be like saying that carrying matches is associated with lung cancer. It is associated, but it doesn’t mean it causes lung cancer.”

“These data do not show that patients should stop taking PPIS, and, in fact, it would be dangerous for patients to stop PPIs or other medication without a physician’s advice,” Rihal said.

The mortality increase shown by the study is not surprising, he added. “People who are older are the ones who get stents and tend to get ulcers and stomach problems [warranting use of PPIs] so we would expect them to have a worse prognosis,” Rihal said. “Whether it’s due to medical problems or whether it has something to do with a drug-drug reaction is unclear.”

PPIs are frequently given with aspirin and Plavix after an angioplasty procedure to reduce the chances of gastrointestinal bleeding. Many people also take PPIs for various gastrointestinal conditions, including acid reflux, gastric ulcers and stomach bleeding.

For the study, Sweeny and colleagues looked back at records of more than 8,300 people who underwent the procedure between April 2003 and June 2007. They were followed for an average of two years.

During the study period, 17 percent of them took a PPI. All of the patients also took both aspirin and Plavix, the researchers said.

Overall, people taking a PPI had a 30 percent higher risk for dying after their PCI procedure than did people who were not taking a PPI. Two drugs in the class appeared to contribute most of the added risk: Omeprazole (Prilosec) was associated with 72 percent higher risk for death after PCI, and pantoprazole (Protonix) was linked to a 54 percent increased risk, the study found.

Two other common PPIs — esomeprazole (Nexium) and lansoprazole (Prevacid) — did not show a heightened risk. There wasn’t enough data to rank a fifth drug, Aciphex (raberprazole), according to the study.

Sweeny could not say why Nexium and Prevacid were exempt from the effect. “It’s a very heterogenous interaction and depends on how a specific population metabolizes that drug,” he said.

People taking PPIs along with a blood thinner also had a small risk for developing blood clots after insertion of a stent, the team found.

The findings add to a lively back-and-forth about the dangers — or lack thereof — of combining antacids with blood thinners, with studies over the past few years coming down on both sides of the debate.

But according to Rihal, there may actually be an answer to this question, though not from the current study. He pointed to an earlier study that demonstrated an interaction between the two types of drugs, but only in a test tube.

When it came to replicating those findings in humans, however, no extra problems showed up in people taking PPIs compared with those not taking them. This was later confirmed by another study, Rihal said.

“That was actually the best-done study of them all,” he said.

One problem with the Mount Sinai study, Rihal said, is that it does not indicate why people were taking the antacids.

PPIs, used by millions of Americans, have also been linked to a number of other health risks, including an increase in hip fractures, diarrhea and community-acquired pneumonia.

Former American Heart Association (AHA) president and current spokesman Dr. Sidney Smith said that new AHA/American College of Cardiology recommendations regarding PPIs would be announced Wednesday at the Orlando conference.

Elderly Treated Less Aggressively for Heart Attack

February 10th, 2010 by admin

While overall care of heart attack patients in the United States is good, gaps remain in the treatment of patients 80 and older, a new study suggests.

Researchers analyzed 2000-2009 data on 156,677 heart attack patients treated at 416 centers enrolled in the American Heart Association’s “Get With the Guidelines — Coronary Artery Disease” program.

The analysis revealed that 86 percent of patients aged 80 and older received early beta blocker therapy, compared with 90 percent of patients aged 64 or younger. Only 43 percent of patients 80 and older received balloon angioplasty within 90 minutes of hospital arrival, compared with 54 percent of younger patients.

Older patients had a far higher rate of in-hospital deaths (11.8 percent vs. 2.4 percent) and were less likely than younger ones to be taking statins when discharged from hospital (76 percent vs. 92 percent).

Co-existing health conditions were more common in the older patients than in the younger patients, noted Dr. Gregg C. Fonarow of the University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and colleagues.

The study, to be presented Monday at the American Heart Association’s annual meeting in Orlando, Fla., shows there is room to improve care and outcomes in older heart attack patients, the researchers said.

Experts Urge School Screening of Athletes’ Hearts

February 3rd, 2010 by admin

A new, inexpensive screening method could help reduce the risk for sudden cardiac death among high school athletes, U.S. researchers report.

Athletic trainers at 10 high schools in Houston used a laptop system to perform electrocardiograms (EKGs) on 2,057 student athletes. The results, which were transmitted to a cardiologist, revealed 186 athletes with abnormal EKGs. All but 13 of them received subsequent echocardiograms.

Among the findings:
Three students had serious cardiac conditions, including right ventricular cardiomyopathy, which is abnormal enlargement, thickening or stiffening of heart muscle; coarctation, a narrowing, of the aorta; and non-compaction cardiomyopathy, a rare genetic condition caused by failure of myocardial development during embryo development.
Eight students had Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, an electrical defect that can cause arrhythmia. They were referred to pediatricians.
Mitral valve prolapse was detected in 17 students, and six were diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension.
Two students were found to have bicuspid aortic valves, and six had mild to moderate vascular regurgitation.
Three students with hypertension had concentric left ventricular hypertension and were referred for treatment.
Eleven students were told they could not participate in competitive athletics.

Performing EKGs in schools would cost less than $5 per student, and the EKG laptop equipment could be provided to school districts for about $500, according to Dr. Thomas DeBauche, of Cypress Cardiology in Houston.

Though school-based EKG screening would not eliminate sudden cardiac death among high school athletes, it could significantly reduce the risk, the researchers said.

The study was to be presented Sunday at the American Heart Association’s annual meeting, in Orlando, Fla.

Assessing Embryo Metabolism May Aid IVF Success

January 29th, 2010 by admin

Examining the metabolism of embryos may help determine which ones offer the best chance of success with in vitro fertilization (IVF), a new study finds.

Currently, the process of selecting embryos for implantation in the mother’s womb is highly subjective.

“It’s a guessing game that can end in IVF failure or multiple pregnancies,” Dr. Emre Seli, an associate professor in the obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences department at Yale School of Medicine, said in a school news release. “Our goal is to find a way to pinpoint the embryos with the best chance of success, so that we can transfer fewer embryos and cut down on the possibility of multiple pregnancies without reducing the pregnancy rate.”

Seli and colleagues have studied the metabolomic profiles of spent embryo cultures. A metabolomic profile is a unique chemical signature of the activity of embryos in culture.

The Yale team found that a viability score based on a noninvasive metabolomic assessment of embryo culture media affected pregnancy outcomes in women treated at four centers in Europe and Australia. The research, performed in collaboration with Molecular Biometrics Inc., was presented this week at the American Society for Reproductive Medicine annual meeting, in Atlanta.

“These findings have important implications for the more than 125,000 IVF cycles performed yearly in the United States,” Seli said. “The high multiple pregnancy rates associated with IVF have significant public health consequences, such as decreased survival and increased risk of lifelong disability associated with severe prematurity.”

Dying Wishes Followed More Often for Whites

January 22nd, 2010 by admin

Dying white cancer patients are more likely than black patients to have their end-of-life wishes respected, a new U.S. study shows.

Some black patients who asked not to be resuscitated or put on a ventilator received the treatment anyway and died in an intensive care unit, said the researchers. White patients who voiced a wish for aggressive care were three times more likely to receive it than black patients who had expressed the same desire.

“We’re not saying that black treatment preferences were ignored. Black patients did want, and did receive, more aggressive care than whites. The disparity was in the effect of treatment preferences on care received — not that black preferences didn’t matter,” senior author Holly Prigerson, of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, said in a news release from the institute.

The study included 234 white and 68 black patients with advanced cancer. They were interviewed at the start of the study and monitored until their death, which occurred an average of 3.5 months later.

“None of the white patients who reported the completion of a do-not-resuscitate order, or a DNR order, at baseline subsequently received intensive care in the last week of life. This did not prove to be the case for black patients. DNR orders did not significantly protect black patients from intensive end-of-life care in this study,” Prigerson said.

This disparity may be because of disruptions in continuity of care for black patients and cultural differences that hindered patient-doctor communication. The findings highlight the need for better communication between black cancer patients and their cancer care providers.

Health Tip: Soothe the Pain of Breast-Feeding

January 15th, 2010 by admin

Breast-feeding is a great time to bond with your little one. But for some moms, it can be a painful experience.

The Nemours Foundation offers these suggestions to help make breast-feeding a little more comfortable:
Make sure your baby is latched on correctly.
Some women benefit from nursing more often, but for a shorter spans.
Offer baby the side that’s less sore.
Try an over-the-counter lotion just for breast-feeding moms.
Rub a bit of breast milk on the nipple after the feeding, and let it air dry.
Breast-feed in different positions to help drain all areas of the breast.
Use an ice pack or a warm compress on the breast just before nursing.

Guidelines Urge Use of Erectile Dysfunction Drugs

January 8th, 2010 by admin

Doctors should prescribe oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor drugs, such as Viagra, Cialis and Levitra, for men with erectile dysfunction, unless the patient is on nitrate therapy, according to a clinical practice guideline issued by the American College of Physicians.

The type of erectile dysfunction (ED) drug prescribed should be based on the individual preferences of patients, including cost of medication, ease of use and types of side effects, the authors noted.

“The evidence is insufficient to compare the effectiveness or adverse effects of different PDE-5 inhibitors for the treatment of ED because there were only a few head-to-head trials,” guideline lead author Dr. Amir Qaseem, senior medical associate with the ACP, said in a news release.

Qaseem and colleagues analyzed the findings of 130 studies that evaluated PDE-5 inhibitors alone or combined. They found that treatment with the drugs led to statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in sexual intercourse and erectile function in men with ED, regardless of the cause (e.g., diabetes, depression, prostate cancer) or ED severity at the start of the study.

Overall, PDE-5 inhibitors were relatively well-tolerated and associated with only mild or moderate side effects, such as headaches, flushing, upset stomach and runny nose, the authors found.

The guideline is published in the Oct. 20 issue of the journal Annals of Internal Medicine.

Because there is no conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of hormonal blood tests or treatment in patients with low testosterone levels, the ACP doesn’t recommend for or against routine use of the tests in ED patients. The college says doctors should make decisions to measure hormone levels based on an individual patient’s clinical symptoms (decreased libido, premature ejaculation, fatigue, etc.) and physical signs (such as testicular or muscle atrophy) that suggest hormone problems.